Diabetes is a progressive and disability disease, and its prevalence is a severe warning to doctors around the world.
This pathology can be attributed to the so-called civilized disease, because its main reason lies in the wrong way of life that modern people insist on.
Timely diagnosis of diabetes gives patients a chance to delay the onset of serious complications. However, the first sign of diabetes is not always recognized. The mistake in doing this is the lack of basic knowledge about the disease and the low level of patient revelation in medical assistance.
attention! Diabetes is a chronic disease that does not exist yet.
What is diabetes?
Diabetes is a group of chronic endocrine diseases, which are mainly manifested in absolute or relative insulin deficiency in the body and increase blood sugar. All metabolism is disturbed due to disease: protein, lipids, carbohydrates, mineral metabolism. Violations of acid and base balance were also observed.
According to statistics, from 1 to 8% of people suffer from diabetes, but scientists believe that the number of real patients is larger. And this number increases every year. The number of diabetes in children is also increasing.
attention! Insulin is the only hormone that lowers glucose levels in the blood and promotes cell absorption.
Insulin is produced by islet tissue in its beta cells. The fact that the formation of this hormone leads to the onset of diabetes is violated by its damage or violation of its absorption of peripheral cells.
Classification of diabetes
Several types of diabetes are known:
- Type the first one previously called insulin dependence. What follows is that major insulin hormone failure can lead to high blood sugar. Most commonly, this pathology is caused by autoimmune damage to the pancreas.
- The second type, formerly known as insulin dependence, is not accurate, because alternative insulin therapy may be required as this type progresses. In this disease, insulin levels remain normal first, even exceeding the norm. However, first, human cells become insensitive to adipocytes (adipocytes), resulting in an increase in glucose levels in the blood.
attention! Factors that cause disease attacks are: severe stress, excessive physical exercise, hormone imbalance, spreading disease and other major changes in the body.
Also distinguished:
- Diabetic gestational sugar (pregnant women).
- Diabetes is a manifestation of genetic or endocrine pathology. In this case, diabetes itself is a symptom of the disease.
Three degrees of disease course:
- Light;
- Average;
- Heavy.
Initial Signs of Type I Diabetes
This type of disease often affects young people and is considered genetically determined. It can be manifested in early childhood.
The first sign of type I diabetes is considered:
- There are many needs to increase appetite, there are many needs, but at the same time, a person does not have special physical fatigue and diet without gaining weight or losing weight. This is due to energy failure in the cells, which is due to a decrease in glucose absorption.
- The income from nighttime urination increases fluid consumption respectively. As glucose is filtered into the urine, polyuria occurs with an increase in permeable urine pressure.
- Severe thirst suddenly occurs, so a person drinks up to 5 liters of liquid per day. Multi-type has multiple development mechanisms. The first is to supplement water dehydration caused by polyuria, and the second is achieved by stimulation of osmotic receptors in the hypothalamus.
- The emergence of aceticemia is the scent of acetone in the mouth, and urine makes the smell of apples gain. Aceticemia occurs when energy formation is switched from carbohydrates to fat under conditions of glucose deficiency in cells. At the same time, ketone bodies are formed, which are toxic to reflect the body. Symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, etc. are related to their effects.
- As the ketoacid state progresses, the first symptom of the disease begins is diabetic coma.
- General weakness and fatigue increase due to impaired metabolism, energy hunger in human cells, and accumulation of toxic metabolism.
- Violating vision in blurry and blurred forms, redness of eyes and eye carvings.
- The itching of the skin, formed by small erosion on the skin and mucous membranes, cannot heal for a long time.
- Too much hair loss.
The first type of diabetes is characterized by sudden and sudden manifestations, usually only in the form of severe ketoacidosis, and cannot be rediagnosed until coma force is unconscious.
The initial symptoms of type II diabetes
The second type of diabetes develops in more mature age, overweight or obese people. Their pathological development mechanism is that fat cells are overwhelmed by fat and increase in size. Therefore, the quantity and mass of insulin changes of the receptor lead to insensitivity or resistance to hormones. In this case, glucose will not be absorbed.
In the early stages of the second type of diabetes, the synthesis of pancreatic insulin is compensatory, but as the disease progresses, this reserve is depleted and the absolute insulin-agent system will develop.
One characteristic of the disease is that its early symptoms of diabetes cannot be noticed for a person for a long time. Most people explain the worsening of their health through age-related changes rather than starting with diabetes. Compared with type I, the belated attraction about the disease is also slower to progress and erase symptoms to explain.
refer to! Type II diabetes is often diagnosed by chance when applying for another pathological or preventive test.
Among the first symptoms of diabetes, the most common ones are:
- The daily drinking plan increased by 4-5 liters. Such severe thirst is more common in patients of mature age. In old age, insensitivity to thirst was observed.
- Polyuria was observed at night, especially frequent impulses to urinate behavior.
- Improve weight.
- Especially the appetite for sweets.
- More and more weaknesses, lethargy, fatigue.
- Itchy skin, especially in the perineum and genitals.
- The development of diabetic neuropathy leads to abnormalities and numbness in the lower limbs and palms.
- Leg pain and fatigue while walking is a rare hairline that cools the limbs due to the failure of the ship.
- Toxic hair, candidiasis of the skin and mucous membranes, long-term non-cracks, wounds, scratches. Other leather symptoms of this disease are: diabetic skin disease, air bubbles, corpus luteum, fat necrosis, neurodermatitis. All of this is the result of skin regeneration and reduced immune response.
- Periodontal disease and recurrent stomatitis.
- Vision deterioration is due to the toxic effects of high concentrations of glucose in the blood (retinopathy, cataract). Usually, with a second type of diabetes, eye damage occurs much later than the first time.
- Urinary tract infections often recur, especially pyelonephritis due to hyperglycemia and glucose diabetes.
Signs of diabetes attack in children
Often, type I diabetes is diagnosed during the occurrence of acute complications in small patients - diabetic ketoacidosis or ketoacid acidic coma. Parents should pay attention if their children often experience ketosis or so-called ring vomiting syndrome. This condition is prone to alternative syndrome in children in many constitutions. It is exacerbated by acute respiratory virus infection, infectious diseases, and can lead to dehydration due to vomiting. But as the child grows up, this syndrome passes by itself.
If ketosis occurs for one year or lasts for more than 7-9 years, an endocrinologist should be examined. However, experts recommend blood tests of glucose in any manifestation of acetylnomenyia.
The first signs of childhood pathology are:
- polyuria;
- Multiple
- Weight loss.
If these symptoms of diabetes are not recognized, children can suffer from ketoacidosis, which has these characteristic symptoms:
- stomach ache;
- Vomiting, nausea;
- Dry skin;
- Breathe frequently;
- Dizziness;
- exhaled the smell of acetone in the air from the urine and vomited;
- Lethargy, lethargy;
- Loss of consciousness.
Important! If you experience symptoms of ketoacidosis, you need to seek urgent medical help!
The beginning of diabetic sugar in men
In the field of male genitalia with this disease, changes occur due to impaired neuropathic nerves (neuropathy) and blood supply to the reproductive organs. This symptom is characterized by:
- Reduce sexual desire;
- Unstable erectile dysfunction;
- Infertility due to reduced mobility and viable forms of sperm count.
Due to the high glucose concentration and the secret stimulation of sweat, it also often itches in the genitals.
Diseases of diabetes in women
Various signs of this disease were observed and damaged women's reproductive organs:
- Reduce sexual interests;
- irregular menstruation;
- Dry and itchy mucosa of the reproductive organs, candidiasis of the vagina;
- non-pregnancy non-literature;
- Infertility.
In pregnant women, a special type of diabetes sometimes occurs - pregnancy. Therefore, when observing pregnant women, doctors must promptly guide women to undergo oral tolerance tests to monitor regular urine analysis to detect glucose diabetes.
What should I do when I recognize the symptoms of diabetes?
It is best to contact an endocrinologist who will tell you what tests you need to do to confirm the diagnosis. Laboratory examinations include:
- Blood tests for fasting glucose levels:
- oral tests for tolerance of glucose to detect pre-anticoagulant proteins;
- Blood test of glycosylated hemoglobin;
- Urine analysis of glucose diabetes;
- Urine analysis of acetone.
Other laboratory and tool methods are used to identify complications of the disease.
Therefore, it is necessary to responsibly connect with health conditions in order to promptly identify the first sign of diabetes.